Trellis vs Pergola: What's the Real Difference?

Trellis and pergola—two popular garden structures that often get confused. While both adding beauty and function to your yard, they serve very different purposes. In this guide, we’ll walk you through their main differences to help you decide which one suits your space, style, and outdoor goals.

What is a Trellis?

A trellis is a simple yet elegant garden structure designed to support climbing plants as they grow upward. It typically features a lattice or open framework of intersecting bars, slats, or rods, allowing vines and flowers to weave through and flourish vertically. Whether attached to a wall, fence, or standing freely in the garden, a trellis adds structure, beauty, and functionality to outdoor spaces.

1. Common Uses of a Trellis

Trellises are incredibly versatile and serve multiple purposes in both residential and commercial landscapes. They're often used to:

• Support climbing plants like ivy, clematis, roses, or tomatoes
• Define garden boundaries or separate different areas within a yard
• Add a decorative accent to otherwise blank walls or fences
• Enhance privacy without the need for solid walls

2. Designs and Materials

Trellises come in a wide range of styles to match your garden aesthetic. From rustic wooden grids to sleek metal or vinyl patterns, there's a trellis to fit nearly every need and budget:

• Wood: Natural and traditional, but may require more maintenance due to weather exposure
• Metal: Durable and often more ornate, suitable for formal gardens
• Plastic or vinyl: Lightweight and low-maintenance, ideal for budget-friendly or temporary setups

3. Benefits of Using a Trellis

Installing a trellis in your outdoor space offers more than just visual appeal:

• Maximizes space by training plants to grow vertically
• Improves air circulation around plants, reducing the risk of mold or mildew
• Enhances light exposure for healthier, more productive plants
• Attracts pollinators by keeping flowers visible and accessible
• Discourages pests by lifting foliage off the ground
• Adds privacy and structure without feeling heavy or enclosed

What is a Pergola?

A pergola is a timeless outdoor structure that enhances any garden, patio, or backyard space. Pergolas are known for their clean, open framework and can be either freestanding or attached to a house or other building. The top is typically left open, with crossbeams or slats spaced evenly to create dappled shade—though modern variations often include retractable canopies, louvered roofs, or even motorized systems to adjust light and coverage.

1. Common Uses of a Pergola

Pergolas are designed to bring structure and purpose to outdoor spaces. They’re often used to:

• Define a lounging or dining area in the backyard
• Extend the usable space of a patio or deck
• Provide a shaded passageway or walkway
• Support climbing plants, especially when paired with trellis-style panels
• Serve as a focal point in landscaping designs

2. Designs and Materials

Pergolas come in a wide variety of styles and materials to match different preferences and budgets:

• Wood (like cedar or redwood): Offers a warm, natural appearance but requires periodic maintenance to prevent rot or weathering
• Metal (such as aluminum or steel): Sleek and modern, ideal for durability and low upkeep
• Vinyl or fiberglass: Lightweight, weather-resistant, and maintenance-free, perfect for a long-term investment

3. Benefits of Using a Pergola

Adding a pergola to your outdoor area offers both practical and aesthetic advantages:

• Creates defined, usable outdoor space for entertaining or relaxing
• Provides partial shade while still allowing light and air to flow freely
• Enhances the look and feel of gardens, patios, or decks
• Supports vertical plant growth, especially when combined with trellis elements
• Improves property value by elevating the landscape design

Different Types of Trellis and Pergola

Now that we’ve covered what trellises and pergolas are, exploring the different types of each can help you better determine which design best suits your space, purpose, and style. Below are some of the most common types of trellises and pergolas:

Types of Trellis

Trellises vary in shape, structure, and use. Here are some of the most common styles:

• Flat Wall Trellis (Panel Trellis) A classic, flat design often mounted on fences or walls to support climbing plants. Great for vertical gardening and small spaces.
• Obelisk Trellis A free-standing, pyramid-shaped structure placed in flowerbeds or garden centers. Ideal for adding height and supporting vining plants like tomatoes or sweet peas.
• Arbor Trellis A decorative, arched trellis often used to frame walkways or garden entrances. Frequently paired with flowering vines for a dramatic, welcoming effect.
• Teepee or A-Frame Trellis Cone- or triangle-shaped, these are practical solutions for vegetable gardens—particularly for beans, peas, or cucumbers.
• Lattice Trellis Features a crisscross grid pattern. Versatile for both functional plant support and decorative screening.

Types of Pergola

Pergolas are typically larger and more architectural than trellises, with several style variations based on structure and roof design:

• Freestanding Pergola Can be placed anywhere in your yard or garden, offering flexibility in layout and use.
• Attached Pergola Anchored to the side of a home or structure, perfect for extending your living space and creating a shaded patio area.
• Open-Top Pergola The traditional style with slatted beams that offer partial shade while maintaining airflow.
• Louvered or Retractable Roof Pergola More advanced systems that let you adjust the amount of sunlight with motorized louvers or canopy panels.
• Arched or Sail Pergola Includes curved beams or fabric sails to soften the structure’s lines and introduce a modern, artistic feel.

Trellis vs Pergola: Key Differences (Structure, Function, Visual & Cost)

After understanding what each type is, it’s important to look at how trellises and pergolas differ in form, function, and usage. Here’s a clear breakdown of the key differences between a pergola and a trellis to help you choose the right one for your outdoor space.

1. Structural Differences

A pergola is a large, often freestanding or attached structure made up of vertical posts supporting an open roof of beams or slats. Pergolas are typically used to define outdoor living areas such as patios, dining zones, or garden lounges. They can range in size from small backyard covers to expansive shade structures.

A trellis, on the other hand, is a much smaller structure—usually flat and grid-like—designed to support climbing plants. Trellises can be standalone or mounted on walls and fences, offering flexibility in placement. They’re lightweight, easy to install, and ideal for vertical gardening.

2. Functional Differences

In terms of functionality, pergolas provide partial shade, help define outdoor rooms, and can be customized with accessories like curtains, lights, or even retractable canopies. Some pergolas are even designed to offer moderate rain protection, especially those with louvers or solid roof panels. They serve as both architectural and practical additions to your landscape.

Trellises focus more on plant support than outdoor living. While they don’t offer shade or rain protection, they’re excellent for training vines, enhancing garden aesthetics, or providing natural privacy screens when covered in foliage. They’re a decorative solution for growing upward without taking up much space.

3. Visual Impact and Aesthetics

A trellis adds texture and vertical dimension to walls, fences, or flower beds. It works well as a subtle accent or as a green backdrop for flowers or vegetables.

A pergola, in contrast, makes a much bolder visual statement. With its larger scale and open framework, it can transform the atmosphere of your backyard—inviting lounging, dining, or entertaining. Pergolas are often central features in landscape design.

4. Cost and Customization

When comparing pergola and trellis in terms of cost, pergolas tend to be more expensive due to their size, materials, and installation complexity. They may also require permits, especially if attached to a home or built as a permanent structure. Trellises are typically much more affordable and DIY-friendly. They’re a great option for those looking to add greenery on a budget or with limited space.

While pergolas allow for extensive customization (lighting, fans, roof covers, and more), trellises offer more simplicity—primarily focused on supporting plants and adding green accents.

Factors to Consider When Choosing Trellis or Pergola

Whether you're planning a garden upgrade or a full backyard transformation, deciding between a trellis and a pergola involves more than just aesthetics. To make the right choice, it’s important to consider your outdoor space, intended use, climate, and long-term goals. Below are key factors to keep in mind before making your decision.

1. Available Space

• Trellis: Ideal for narrow spaces, fence lines, or small garden beds. They take up minimal ground area and can be mounted vertically or used as standalone features.
• Pergola: Requires more room but makes a big impact. Perfect for patios, decks, or open garden areas where you want to define a zone or create a covered space.

2. Purpose of the Structure

• If your main goal is to support climbing plants like roses, clematis, or beans, a trellis is your go-to.
• If you want to create a shaded area for outdoor living—like dining, lounging, or entertaining—a pergola offers the functionality you need.

3. Privacy Needs

• Trellises can be used creatively to build green privacy screens when placed along fences or between garden areas.
• Pergolas provide structural support for privacy additions such as drapes, side panels, or climbing plants on lattice sides.

4. Sun and Weather Exposure

• In sunny or hot climates, a pergola offers protection from direct sunlight, especially if paired with a retractable canopy or louvered roof.
• Trellises don’t provide shade or shelter, but are perfect for supporting sun-loving plants and allowing air circulation.

5. Aesthetic Goals

• Trellises add subtle charm and vertical interest without overwhelming your garden design. They’re great for creating a cottage-style or natural feel.
• Pergolas are architectural features that can transform a backyard into an inviting, open-air room. They tend to be more visually dominant and stylish.

6. Budget and Maintenance

• Trellises are low-cost and low-maintenance, making them ideal for quick upgrades or beginner gardeners.
• Pergolas involve more upfront investment and may require ongoing maintenance depending on materials (especially wood).

7. Installation Effort

• Trellises are easy to install, often as weekend DIY projects.
• Pergolas typically require professional installation, especially for larger or attached models, and may need permits in some areas.

How to Combine Trellis and Pergola?

If you're torn between installing a pergola or a trellis, here's some good news—you don't have to choose just one. Combining a pergola and trellis in your outdoor design not only enhances visual appeal but also increases functionality, creating a space that’s structured, shaded, and full of natural beauty. Below are creative ways to integrate trellis pergola designs that are both beautiful and practical:

1. Trellis as an Entrance to a Pergola

Start by using a trellis to frame the entrance of your pergola. This simple addition can create a more defined and dramatic transition from one part of your garden to another. When paired with flowering vines like clematis or wisteria, the entrance becomes an inviting, fragrant archway that sets the tone for the entire space.

2. Side Trellises for Privacy and Greenery

One of the most popular pergola and trellis combinations is attaching trellis panels to one or more sides of the pergola. These side trellises act as natural privacy screens while also supporting climbing plants, allowing you to build lush, living walls. This design is ideal for patios or backyard seating areas where you want to feel enclosed yet connected to the outdoors.

3. Trellis on Pergola Roofs

For added shade and visual texture, consider incorporating a trellis pattern into the roof of your pergola. This layered design not only filters sunlight beautifully but also provides more surface area for vines to grow. Over time, your pergola roof can become a canopy of green, adding depth, shade, and a cool microclimate beneath.

4. Framing Views and Pathways

Trellises can also be positioned around or near a pergola to frame views, such as a garden bed, water feature, or scenic vista. In larger landscapes, use a trellis to line the path leading to the pergola, creating a sense of flow and anticipation. These small architectural gestures go a long way in making your garden feel intentional and connected.

Tips 1: Design Continuity and Material Harmony

To create a unified look, choose materials and colors that are consistent between your pergola and trellis. For example, a cedar pergola paired with matching cedar trellises offers a warm, natural finish that feels cohesive. Repeating design details—such as matching lattice patterns—can help different structures feel like part of the same vision.

Tips 2: Plant Pairings for Impact

Climbing plants are what truly bring pergola trellis ideas to life. Mix fragrant vines (like jasmine or honeysuckle) with leafy climbers (like ivy or grapevines) to soften the structure and enhance its natural charm. The right plants not only beautify the space but can also improve shade, airflow, and privacy.

Conclusion

Whether you’re tending a small garden or designing a spacious backyard, understanding the differences between trellises and pergolas helps you discover more options for shade and structure—and make the right choice for your outdoor space. From plant support to outdoor living, each structure brings unique value. Or, why not combine both for a design that blends charm, shade, and function in perfect harmony?

FAQs About Trellises and Pergolas

1. Do pergolas or trellises require permits to install?

Pergolas may require permits, especially if they’re large, attached to your home, or considered permanent structures. Trellises, being smaller and often freestanding or mounted on existing fences, typically don’t require permits—though it’s always wise to check local regulations.

2. What are the best climbing plants for pergolas and trellises?

Popular choices include wisteria, jasmine, clematis, honeysuckle, and climbing roses. For grape trellis pergola setups, grapevines work beautifully and offer both shade and fruit. Choose based on your climate, sun exposure, and desired aesthetic.

3. How much does it cost to install a trellis vs. a pergola?

Trellises are generally inexpensive and often DIY-friendly, with basic models starting under $100. Pergolas vary widely in price—from a few hundred dollars for small prefab units to $5,000 or more for custom builds, especially with advanced features like retractable roofs or lighting.

4. How do I maintain a wood trellis or pergola?

To extend the lifespan of wooden structures, apply a weather-resistant sealant annually, and inspect for signs of rot, mold, or insect damage. Cleaning with mild soap and water regularly also helps maintain appearance.